What is a UTI?
The CDC defines a urinary tract infection (UTI) as a common infection that happens when bacteria, often from the skin or rectum, enter the urethra, and infect the urinary tract. While the infection can affect different parts of the urinary tract, the most common is a bladder infection, also known as cystitis. A less common, but more serious type of UTI is a kidney infection, also known as pyelonephritis.
Symptoms of a bladder infection may include:
- Pain or burning sensation when urinating
- Frequent urination
- Feeling the need to urinate with an empty bladder
- Blood in urine
- Feeling pressure or cramping in the groin and/or lower abdomen
Symptoms of a kidney infection may include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Lower back pain and/or pain in the side of your back
- Nausea and/or vomiting
What are the risk factors?
UTIs are far more common in people assigned female at birth (AFAB) due to the urethra being shorter and closer to the rectum, making it much easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract. Other factors that can increase the risk include:
- Having a previous UTI
- Engaging in sexual activity
- Changes in the bacteria within the vagina (for example, menopause or using spermicide)
- Experiencing pregnancy
- Reach an older age in adulthood (young children are also more likely to get UTIs)
- Structural problems in the urinary tract, such as an enlarged prostate
- Poor hygiene
How is a UTI treated?
Before determining if you have a UTI, your provider will ask about your symptoms, perform a physical exam, and may perform a urine test. Since bacteria is the cause of a UTI, antibiotics are used to treat them. If your provider prescribes you antibiotics it’s important to take them exactly as directed.
You should drink plenty of fluids, and ask about any recommended medicine to help less the pain and discomfort.
How can you prevent a UTI?
UTIs can be prevented by urinating after sexual activity, staying well hydrated, and taking showers instead of baths. It is also recommended that you keep douching, sprays and powders in the genital area to a minimum.
If you suspect you have a UTI or vaginal infection, you should call LRHC for an appointment. Many of the symptoms listed here can also be symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). The clinicians at LRHC can help you to decide what testing and treatment are right for you.